For One Man, It Didn’t Take Much to Make an Embassy in India

Asia Pacific|What Does It Take to Make Your Own Embassy? In India, Not Much.

There are more than 100 diplomatic missions based in India’s capital, New Delhi. What does it take to set up your own?

Not much, if you ask Harshvardhan Jain, a.k.a. “Baron H.V. Jain.”

Rent a bungalow, hoist some flags, park a few luxury cars on the curb, photoshop yourself into pictures with world leaders, and — voilà! — you have your own embassy.

Until you are caught, that is.

The Indian police arrested Mr. Jain, 47, on Tuesday for running a fake embassy in a rented residential building in Ghaziabad, a city just outside New Delhi.

This house, the police said, alternately acted as the diplomatic mission for Westarctica or the Principality of Seborga or Poulbia Lodonia — depending on the day or the need or the hour.

These entities, technically, are “micronations” — self-proclaimed sovereign states that lack a legal basis for their existence, as they are not recognized by other countries.

For the better part of a decade, such legal inconveniences did little to undermine Mr. Jain’s operation.

The police said his building in Ghaziabad, with all its pomp and regalia, was the address for a range of criminal activities, from defrauding people of money by promising employment abroad to running a multinational hawala network — an informal system of transferring money that is illegal in India.

Police officials suggested that Mr. Jain had been running his racket since at least 2017, when he declared himself the representative of Westarctica. His ambitions kept expanding from there.

The micronation of Westarctica, in a statement on its website, said “Mr. Jain was an authorized representative engaging in unauthorized activities.” He had been made an “honorary Consul to India” after he made a “generous donation” to Westarctica, the statement said.

The entity’s website says it was set up in 2001 by Travis McHenry, an American citizen, while he was serving in the U.S. Navy. He refers to himself as Grand Duke Travis. In a statement on Westarctica’s Instagram page, Grand Duke Travis said “Baron H.V. Jain” had been removed from the micronation’s “roster of diplomatic representatives.”

In an email to The New York Times, he added that Mr. Jain had been in possession of diplomatic number plates, passports and many other items bearing the seal of Westarctica, none of which he had been authorized to produce.

For almost eight years, Mr. Jain had created for himself the “aura” of an important man, said Sushil Ghule, a senior superintendent of police involved in the investigation.

“An undiscerning layman will believe what he sees and cannot tell that it’s all fraudulent,” he said.

In the fake embassy, the police recovered 12 counterfeit passports representing different countries, 20 diplomatic license plates that had been obtained without authorization, stamps of government departments and agencies, forged documents and foreign currencies — all used to keep up Mr. Jain’s persona of a well-connected diplomat.

The police said that Mr. Jain had an M.B.A. from a university in London and that he was well-traveled, having established dubious companies in several countries before returning to India. The son of an industrialist, he was booked by the police in 2012 for owning a satellite phone, which is prohibited for use in India without a license.

Mr. Ghule said the police were still looking into the extent of Mr. Jain’s activity from the fake embassy. Have they reached out to Westarctica for help with the investigation?

“No,” Mr. Ghule said.