New Retail Leaders Confront Trump’s Tariffs, Policy Shifts and Weak Spending

Taking the helm of a well-known consumer company is the pinnacle of an executive’s career, but the current environment has left new leaders at companies like Nike, Starbucks and Peloton little time to celebrate.

Settling into the chief executive role is always demanding; there are first-time jitters and outsized tasks. But those who took the role in the past year have also had to deal with shifting policies around tariffs and a potential downturn in consumer spending.

Brian Niccol just hit the one-year mark at Starbucks and is trying to improve the experience of the coffee chain’s customers and workers. But he’s also dealing with higher coffee prices that follow double-digit tariffs on Brazil, a key source of coffee beans around the world.

Nike’s Elliott Hill also crossed his first anniversary in a role that entails bringing the sneaker brand back from a yearlong sales decline and getting more people pumped about it in a crowded footwear market. Yet he’s forced to devote resources and time to reappraising Nike’s supply chains in countries like Vietnam and China that are being hard hit by tariffs.

New leaders at R.E.I., Peloton, Michael’s and David’s Bridal may relate.

“I joke that I’ve gotten the full C.E.O. experience in my first nine months — just a few years ahead of schedule,” said Peter Stern, chief executive of Peloton, who started in January. In addition to leading the company’s turnaround — sales have fallen more than a third after a boom during the pandemic — Mr. Stern must determine how to price its products, made in places like Taiwan, China and Thailand, where President Trump has placed tariffs.

At the same time, every company is trying to grow even as consumers shift their spending habits and become increasingly pessimistic about the economy.

“What’s been so challenging is just the uncertainty, the volatility and things changing all the time,” said Mary Beth Laughton, chief executive of REI, referring to tariffs. She started at REI in February, a couple of days after President Trump signed an executive order that imposed tariffs on China, Mexico and Canada. “The hardest part of our job right now is trying to anticipate, when things are changing so much.”

Still, chief executives must know how to simultaneously satisfy the needs of their boards of directors, employees and customers. And they are well compensated for this, earning more than $1 million in base salary, along with bonuses and stock options valued in the millions. Those taking the top job for the first time must address new problems for which there’s often no playbook, and do it while fixing the ones that led the company to find a new leader in the first place.

Kelly Cook, who started as chief executive at David’s Bridal in April, acknowledged that she stepped into the role at a time when the geopolitical and economic forces were “reshaping retail.” But, she said, it’s “exactly the kind of challenge I love.”

Consultants say that chief executives usually have about 90 days to six months to learn the company, identify its biggest problems and publicly lay out their vision.

Oftentimes, executives go on “listening tours,” where they meet with employees and customers, to shape their vision for improving the company or revamping their senior leadership team. They could decide to introduce new products, identify new revenue streams or end initiatives by the previous leadership, which could result in closing stores and laying off workers. Starbucks, for instance said this week that it would close underperforming stores in North America and lay off about 900 corporate employees, in addition to the 1,100 jobs that the company cut earlier this year.

Despite the additional challenges, new chief executives aren’t graded on a curve.

“You only get one first year,” said Daniel Heaf, who became chief executive of Bath & Body Works in May. The former Nike executive recounted the advice he received while going through the interview process. “What you do in those first 12 months — whether you realize it or not — defines your trajectory as a leader.”

That may be why turnover is high in the consumer sector: It accounted for a quarter of all chief executive turnover across corporate America, according to a recent report by Crist|Kolder Associates, an executive search firm. The average tenure for a chief executive in consumer businesses was 5.9 years, down slightly from last year. That’s among the shortest in American business. At tech firms, for instance, the average was 10 years. In financial services, it was 8.7 years.

“You don’t get grace,” said Christine Greybe, president of DHR Leadership Consulting, which helps consumer brands identify new leaders. “There’s a very short honeymoon period.”

Board directors are using this moment of upheaval in the consumer goods sector to select executives who have never been at the helm, Ms. Greybe said. New chief executives, especially those coming from outside a company, are perceived as having a wealth of new ideas and the ability to shake up operations.

“Historically boards preferred prior corner-office experience, but there’s a lot of recycled leaders as a result,” she said. “So you’re seeing an openness to first-time C.E.O.s.”

It comes with its own risks though.

This year, Target, Yum! Brands and Procter & Gamble named new chief executives; when they start, they too will have to contend with outsized issues while trying to please customers and shareholders.

“A clear sense of focus will be critical to navigate the landscape and not get distracted,” Michael Fiddelke, who will take over as chief executive of Target in February, said in an emailed statement.

A business environment like this might also attract someone who has never reached the top role at a company, like Mr. Fiddelke. They might be more eager to say yes so they can take the opportunity, said Kathy Gersch, president and founder of consulting firm Kotter.

“Somebody that’s getting an opportunity to be a first-time C.E.O. might be more willing to step into a riskier role than somebody that is a very experienced C.E.O. that may have lots of options in front of them in terms of choices they can make,” she said.